Upon receipt, store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze.
貨期:
Basically, we can dispatch the products out in 1-3 working days after receiving your orders. Delivery time maybe differs from different purchasing way or location, please kindly consult your local distributors for specific delivery time.
用途:
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
Secreted signal that acts globally to regulate anterior/posterior axial patterning during development. May play critical roles in patterning both mesodermal and neural tissues. It is required for proper vertebral patterning and orofacial development. Signals through activin receptors type-2, ACVR2A and ACVR2B, and activin receptors type-1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C and TGFBR1 leading to the phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3.
基因功能參考文獻:
The serum content of GDF11 was much less in esophageal cancer patients than in the control group. Esophageal GDF II in cancer patients was correlated with cancer differentiation: the higher the degree of differentiation, the higher the content of GDF11. PMID: 30213293
Physical inactivity was significantly related to the decreased GDF11 levels in COPD. PMID: 29731621
GDF11 expression was decreased in COPD patients' serum and cells when compared with that of healthy people. PMID: 29680737
GDF11 may be a relevant myostatin-interacting peptide to successful aging in humans PMID: 28701523
The Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11) and Myostatin (MSTN) in tissue specific aging. PMID: 28472635
Tumor-suppressor inactivation of GDF11 occurs by precursor sequestration in triple-negative breast cancer PMID: 29161592
These studies identify distinctive structural features of GDF11 that enhance its potency, relative to GDF8; however, the biological consequences of these differences remain to be determined. PMID: 28257634
In elderly Chinese women, osteoporosis risk was significantly increased with increases in GDF11 serum levels. PMID: 27557752
A Prodomain Fragment from the Proteolytic Activation of Growth Differentiation Factor 11 Remains Associated with the Mature Growth Factor and Keeps It Soluble PMID: 28715204
MSTN, but not GDF11, declines in healthy men throughout aging. PMID: 27304512
GDF11 is highly concentrated in human platelets. PMID: 27509407
The crystal structure of GDF11 was determined to a resolution of 1.50 A. PMID: 26919518
GDF11 is essential for mammalian development and has been suggested to regulate aging of multiple tissues. It functions in the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain. Review. PMID: 27034275
GDF11 inhibits rather than helps muscle regeneration. PMID: 26001423
Show that there is no age-related cardiac hypertrophy in disease-free 24-month-old C57BL/6 mice and that restoring GDF11 in old mice has no effect on cardiac structure or function. PMID: 26383970
in vitro sprout formation was increased as well by GDF11 treatment PMID: 26026854
Suggest GDF11 functions as encephalic regionalizing factor in neural differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells. PMID: 25352416
GDF11 is a critical rheostat for bone turnover and a key integrator of bone homeostasis. PMID: 25534870
These data demonstrate GDF11 to be a master regulator of neural stem cell transcription that can suppress cell proliferation and migration by regulating the expression of numerous genes involved in both these processes PMID: 24244313
Expression of GDF11, a cytokine which blocks terminal erythroid maturation, was increased in erthyroblasts of thalassemic patients. PMID: 24658077
Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR in colorectal cancer specimens obtained from 130 patients showed that GDF11 mRNA expression in cancer tissue was significantly higher than in normal tissue PMID: 17912435
Members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) superfamily, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), can signal cultured RGCs to form dendrites. PMID: 17997109
We propose that Pcsk5, at least in part via GDF11, coordinately regulates caudal Hox paralogs, to control anteroposterior patterning, nephrogenesis, skeletal, and anorectal development. PMID: 18519639
Differential antagonism of activin, myostatin and growth and differentiation factor 11 by wild-type and mutant follistatin. PMID: 18535106
Both WFIKKN1 and WFIKKN2 have high affinity for growth and differentiation factors 8 and 11. PMID: 18596030
Myostatin or 20 ng/mL BMP-11 maintain the colony and cellular morphology of undifferentiated hESC, maintain POU5f1, NANOG, TRA-1-60, and SSEA4 expression, and display increased SMAD2/3 phosphorylation PMID: 19751112
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亞細胞定位:
Secreted.
蛋白家族:
TGF-beta family
組織特異性:
In the embryo, strong expression is seen in the palatal epithelia, including the medial edge epithelial and midline epithelial seam of the palatal shelves. Less pronounced expression is also seen throughout the palatal shelf and tongue mesenchyme.