The insulin-like growth factors possess growth-promoting activity. Major fetal growth hormone in mammals. Plays a key role in regulating fetoplacental development. IGF2 is influenced by placental lactogen. Also involved in tissue differentiation. In adults, involved in glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver. Acts as a ligand for integrin which is required for IGF2 signaling. Positively regulates myogenic transcription factor MYOD1 function by facilitating the recruitment of transcriptional coactivators, thereby controlling muscle terminal differentiation. Inhibits myoblast differentiation and modulates metabolism via increasing the mitochondrial respiration rate.; Preptin undergoes glucose-mediated co-secretion with insulin, and acts as physiological amplifier of glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Exhibits osteogenic properties by increasing osteoblast mitogenic activity through phosphoactivation of MAPK1 and MAPK3.

1. The mRNA expression levels of MSTN, IGF-1 and IGF-2 were significantly different in the same skeletal muscle under different dietary intake. PMID: 25078581
2. Data show that both short- and long-term exposure to high-altitude conditions decreased luteal growth and IGF-I and IGF-II gene expression but increased HIF-1 alpha and VEGF immunoexpression. PMID: 23521851
3. In PR fetal sheep, IGF-2, IGF-1R and IGF-2R mRNA expression was increased in the heart compared to controls. PMID: 21807611
4. weight loss in both normal and overweight mothers during the periconceptional period results in epigenetic modification of IGF2 in the adrenal gland, adrenal overgrowth, and increased vulnerability to stress in offspring PMID: 20371620
5. investigation whether the ovine H19-IGF2 and IGF2R loci are imprinted and analysis of their DNA methylation status in cloned lambs [IGF2, H19, & IGF2R] PMID: 14654216

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Secreted.

Insulin family

KEGG: oas:443325

UniGene: Oar.376