Secreted polyprotein that is packaged and proteolytically processed by prohormone convertases PCSK1 and PCSK2 in a cell-type-specific manner. VGF and peptides derived from its processing play many roles in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity associated with learning, memory, depression and chronic pain.; Plays a role in the control of body fluid homeostasis by regulating vasopressin release. Suppresses presynaptic glutamatergic neurons connected to vasopressin neurons.; Plays a role in the control of body fluid homeostasis by regulating vasopressin release. Activates GABAergic interneurons which are inhibitory neurons of the nervous system and thereby suppresses presynaptic glutamatergic neurons. Stimulates also feeding behavior in an orexin-dependent manner in the hypothalamus. Functions as a positive regulator for the activation of orexin neurons resulting in elevated gastric acid secretion and gastric emptying.; Secreted multifunctional neuropeptide that binds to different cell receptors and thereby plays multiple physiological roles including modulation of energy expenditure, pain, response to stress, gastric regulation, glucose homeostasis as well as lipolysis. Activates the G-protein-coupled receptor C3AR1 via a folding-upon-binding mechanism leading to enhanced lipolysis in adipocytes. Interacts with C1QBP receptor in macrophages and microglia causing increased levels of intracellular calcium and hypersensitivity.; Plays a role in the regulation of memory formation and depression-related behaviors potentially by influencing synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. Induces acute and transient activation of the NTRK2/TRKB receptor and subsequent CREB phosphorylation. Induces also insulin secretion in insulinoma cells by increasing intracellular calcium mobilization.

1. Results indicate that neuron-restrictive silencer factor plays an important role as a repressor of VGF gene regulation in neuroblastoma cells through a mechanism that is dependent on VGF-neuron-restrictive silencer element PMID: 25569790
2. various VGF peptides may regulate the hypothalamus-pituitary complex via specific neuroendocrine mechanisms while TLQP peptides may act at further, multiple levels via endocrine mechanisms involving the ovary. PMID: 25280008
3. VGF is involved in the control of metabolism and body weight homeostasis; active peptide fragments are generated from VGF, including TLQP-21, which controls reproductive function in female rats. PMID: 23485923
4. These results indicate that gC1qR is the receptor for TLQP-21 and plays an important role in chronic pain through activation of macrophages PMID: 24106277
5. VGF expression under continuous stress is negatively regulated by dopaminergic neurons projecting from the hypothalamus. PMID: 23541636
6. Specific VGF peptides appear to be widely represented in different gastric endocrine and other mucosal cell populations. PMID: 20876237
7. VGF protein is primarily cleaved at 10 sites through the processing pathway common to the brain and gastrointestinal tract. PMID: 20524965
8. Analysis of the contractile activity of VGF-derived peptides, biologically active in other systems, shows that only TLQP-21, corresponding to the 556-576 amino acid fragment of VGF precursor protein, can influence gastrointestinal contraction in vitro. PMID: 19466987
9. VGF neuropeptides may regulate synaptic function in hippocampal neurons; C-terminal VGF peptides acutely increased synaptic charge in a dose-dependent manner PMID: 14645472
10. molecular mechanisms of its sorting to the regulated and polarized pathways of secretion PMID: 15051509
11. The identification in the Central nervous system of a previously uncharacterized VGF-derived peptide and its chronic i.c.v. infusion effected an increase in energy expenditure and limited the early phase of diet-induced obesity, is reported. PMID: 16983076
12. the exercise-regulated gene VGF has an antidepressant effect PMID: 18059283
13. Prolonged upregulation of VGF mRNA and protein was observed in injured dorsal root ganglion neurons, central terminals and their target dorsal horn neurons PMID: 19077191

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[Neurosecretory protein VGF]: Secreted. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle.

Central and peripheral nervous systems, synthesized exclusively in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells. VGF and several of the derived peptides are present in the brain.

KEGG: rno:29461

STRING: 10116.ENSRNOP00000050024

UniGene: Rn.9704