Secreted L-amino-acid oxidase that acts as a key immunoregulator. Has preference for L-aromatic amino acids: converts phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp) to phenylpyruvic acid (PP), hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (HPP), and indole-3-pyruvic acid (I3P), respectively. Also has weak L-arginine oxidase activity. Acts as a negative regulator of anti-tumor immunity by mediating Trp degradation via an indole pyruvate pathway that activates the transcription factor AHR. IL4I1-mediated Trp catabolism generates I3P, giving rise to indole metabolites (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-aldehyde (I3A)) and kynurenic acid, which act as ligands for AHR, a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays important roles in immunity and cancer. AHR activation by indoles following IL4I1-mediated Trp degradation enhances tumor progression by promoting cancer cell motility and suppressing adaptive immunity. Also has an immunoregulatory function in some immune cell, probably by mediating Trp degradation and promoting downstream AHR activation: inhibits T-cell activation and proliferation, promotes the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T-cells into FOXP3(+) regulatory T-cells (Treg) and regulates the development and function of B-cells. Also regulates M2 macrophage polarization by inhibiting T-cell activation. Also has antibacterial properties by inhibiting growth of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria through the production of NH4(+) and H2O2.

1. Data showed proteome changes in alveolar epithelial cells type II exposed to an infection with A. fumigatus with IL4I1 showing the most prominent increase in abundance both, in terms of relative abundance as well as activity. Also, in the infected lungs, there was levels of IL4I1 metabolic products. PMID: 28951444

Secreted. Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome.; [Isoform 1]: Lysosome.; [Isoform 2]: Lysosome.

Flavin monoamine oxidase family, FIG1 subfamily

Primarily found in immune tissues.; [Isoform 1]: Primarily found in immune tissues, mostly in B-lymphocytes.; [Isoform 2]: Restricted to the testis, predominantly in Sertoli cells at the periphery of the ducts, and the brain, including Purkinje cells, hip

KEGG: mmu:100328588

STRING: 10090.ENSMUSP00000113726

UniGene: Mm.2565