CHI3L1（也稱為YKL-40）是一種由人類chitinase 3-like 1基因編碼的蛋白質(zhì)。CHI3L1在炎癥和纖維化反應(yīng)中發(fā)揮重要作用。最近的研究表明，CHI3L1與多種疾病的發(fā)病機(jī)制有關(guān)，如關(guān)節(jié)炎、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肝病和癌癥等。此外，CHI3L1在心臟病和腦卒中等心腦血管疾病中的潛在作用也被越來(lái)越多的研究所關(guān)注。

Carbohydrate-binding lectin with a preference for chitin. Has no chitinase activity. May play a role in tissue remodeling and in the capacity of cells to respond to and cope with changes in their environment. Plays a role in T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) inflammatory response and IL-13-induced inflammation, regulating allergen sensitization, inflammatory cell apoptosis, dendritic cell accumulation and M2 macrophage differentiation. Facilitates invasion of pathogenic enteric bacteria into colonic mucosa and lymphoid organs. Mediates activation of AKT1 signaling pathway and subsequent IL8 production in colonic epithelial cells. Regulates antibacterial responses in lung by contributing to macrophage bacterial killing, controlling bacterial dissemination and augmenting host tolerance. Also regulates hyperoxia-induced injury, inflammation and epithelial apoptosis in lung.

1. YKL-40 elevation significantly improved risk prediction for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients. PMID: 28941940
2. Polymorphisms of the CHI3L1 gene (rs4950928 C>G and rs10399931 C>T) are associated with the risk and prognosis of AD and can affect the expression of CHI3L1 in plasma. PMID: 30223258
3. High YKL-40 expression is associated with endothelial cell angiogenesis in breast cancer. PMID: 29274508
4. Pretreatment serum levels of YKL-40 may be a novel prognostic factor of overall and disease-free survival in patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer PMID: 29642772
5. Plasma YKL-40 distinguishes between patients with features of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) overlap (ACO) and COPD patients. PMID: 29580282
6. CHI3L1 expression is a novel biomarker for the prognosis of gastric cancer and these findings have thus identified CHI3L1/CD44 axis as a vital pathway and potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer PMID: 30165890
7. YKL-40 was highly elevated in patients with ESRD on HD, and dialysis reduced serum YKL-40 concentrations approximately one-sixth. YKL-40 measured after dialysis was independently associated with mortality in HD patients. PMID: 29357700
8. Review/Meta-analysis: YKL-40 may be implicated in bronchial inflammation and remodeling in COPD and may be considered as a useful biomarker for COPD diagnosis and monitoring. PMID: 29430175
9. YKL-40 is a glycoprotein - a potential marker for active inflammatory process - with proven predictive value in a number of diseases that evolve with inflammation, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, or development of fibrosis. PMID: 29400369
10. TMEM219 plays a critical role in Chi3l1-induced IL-13Ralpha2 mediated signalling and tissue responses. PMID: 27629921
11. Our present data reveal the crucial role of CHI3L1 in the formation of vasculogenic mimicry, which may contribute to tumour aggressiveness of cervical cancer PMID: 29452694
12. there was a negative correlation between YKL-40 and TLR4 expression in chronic sinusitis patients with nasal polyps. YKL-40 and TLR4 interacted with each other to activate NF-kappaB and promote disease progression. PMID: 29921378
13. CHI3L1 may be a previously unrecognized biomarker for diagnosing Gaucher Diseases (GD) and for evaluating the therapeutic effects of new GD drug. PMID: 29396296
14. Study established a connection between the pretreated CHI3L1 and patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and the serum CHI3L1 was primarily secreted by ESCC-surrounded macrophages. PMID: 29209110
15. YKL-40 is expressed in cutaneous Squamous Cell Skin Cancer PMID: 30061245
16. The G allele of CHI3L1 rs4950928 might be a protective factor against the development of asthma. PMID: 29233108
17. This study suggests that CHI3L1 and CHI3L2 are associated with the progression of neurodegeneration in motor cortex and spinal cord of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients. PMID: 28989002
18. in neurodegenerative dementias, YKL-40 is a disease-specific marker of neuroinflammation showing its highest levels in prion diseases PMID: 29126445
19. Serum IL-6, serum YKL-40, and plasma VEGF were significantly correlated with disease activity at baseline in early rheumatoid arthritis. PMID: 29336711
20. high serum YKL-40 levels correlated with the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and might serve as a nonspecific biomarker for prediction and progression of the disease. PMID: 29028081
21. YKL-40 could be considered as a useful biomarker of inflammation in psoriasis and is more sensitive than CRP or WBC. Increased YKL-40 may indicate psoriatic patients with a higher level of systemic inflammation, which may determine disease management. PMID: 28932021
22. YKL-40 protein expression associated with severe lung function impairment and severe exacerbations in Asthma patients. PMID: 29025889
23. Results suggest a potential role of chitinase 3 like 1 protein (CHI3L1) in angiogenesis in invasive ductal breast carcinoma (IDC) and may suggest its involvement in cancer progression. PMID: 29848684
24. YKL-40 is a promising biomarker for evaluating polymyositis/dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease activity/severity and predicting disease prognosis. PMID: 28711881
25. Early-onset atopic dermatitis was associated with rs2303067 in SPINK5, which is involved in skin barrier functioning, and late-onset was associated with rs4950928 in CHI3L1, which is involved in the immune response. Future studies should examine the early- versus late-onset subgrouping more closely. PMID: 28681574
26. YKL-40 may represent a novel biomarker for predicting hypertension risk in prehypertension population PMID: 28797750
27. A high diagnostic sensitivity of YKL-40 in the early stages of the disease suggests the possibility of using this biomarker at an early diagnostic phase of patients with endometrial cancer. The patients with increased levels of YKL-40 before treatment are also at the higher risk of relapse. PMID: 28624692
28. Serum YKL-40 was elevated only in atrial fibrllation and not in other supraventricular arrhythmias. PMID: 28639986
29. YKL-40 is elevated in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) patients, and may be of clinical utility to predict outcome in PAP PMID: 28569052
30. strongly expressed in placenta percreta and correlated with extravillous trophoblast invasion PMID: 27977409
31. YKL-40 was expressed by macrophages in liver tissue of NAFLD patients. PMID: 27739482
32. The results of this study indicate that YKL-40 may contribute to decreased stability and increased permeability of BBB in AD patients PMID: 28697565
33. YKL-40 is expressed by a subset of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. PMID: 28599675
34. This study has shown that YKL-40 serum level is increased in patients with atopic dermatitis and reflects the severity of symptoms. PMID: 28660216
35. YKL-40 levels were found to be significantly higher in post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) patients with exacerbation compared with that in bronchiolitis patients and showed a positive correlation with the severity of disease before diagnosis of PIBO. PMID: 28567534
36. miR-24 serves as a molecular regulator in S. aureus-induced macrophage polarization through targeting of CHI3L1 and regulation of the MAPK pathway PMID: 28303416
37. High YKL-40 expression is independently and markedly associated with worse overall survival in glioblastoma patients. PMID: 27090900
38. Datashow that patients with YKL-40 overexpression had significantly shorter survival time than those with low YKL-40 expression. PMID: 28099248
39. The level of serum YKL-40 is a significant and independent biomarker to predict the clinical outcome in large-artery atherosclerotic stroke. PMID: 27650381
40. TrkB-containing exosomes play a key role in the control of glioblastoma progression and aggressiveness, as seen in a model of YKL-40-inactivated glioblastoma cells PMID: 27385098
41. findings suggest that these pulmonary markers could be useful to assess CAP severity and, especially YKL-40 and CCL18 by helping predict CAP caused by atypical pathogens PMID: 29324810
42. The present meta-analysis indicate that elevated YKL-40 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. YKL-40 may serve as a promising predictive biomarker of prognosis of breast cancer PMID: 28036271
43. YKL-40 induces IL-18 production in osteoblasts and thereby stimulates angiogenesis of endothelial progenitor cells through the suppression of miR-590-3p via the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. PMID: 28448439
44. YKL-40 levels showed a positive correlation with blood neutrophil counts but no consistent relationships with clinical characteristics of relevance to continuous wheeze in preschool children PMID: 27732738
45. Study suggests that YKL-40 is associated with hypertension incidence only among men. PMID: 27815265
46. In HCT donors with YKL-40 plasma concentrations, a trend toward increased grade II-IV acute GvHD in recipients was observed with no significant associations with overall survival, treatment-related mortality or relapse PMID: 27427920
47. Review of evidence for the role of YKL-40 in the diagnosis, prognosis and cause of cardiovascular and alcoholic liver disease. PMID: 27187575
48. the level of CHI3L1 protein in the sera of patients with gastric or breast cancer was significantly elevated compared with those of healthy donors. M2 macrophage-secreted CHI3L1 promoted the metastasis of gastric and breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo PMID: 28143526
49. Besides being associated with tau pathology, CSF YKL-40 adds to the growing array of biomarkers reflecting distinct molecular brain mechanisms potentially useful for stratifying individuals for biomarker-guided, targeted anti-inflammatory therapies emerging from precision medicine. PMID: 28281838
50. SNPs in CHI3L1 and cord blood YKL-40 were not associated with lung function measurements at 5 weeks and 6 years, respiratory symptoms in the first year, and allergic sensitisation at 6 years. Genetic variation in CHI3L1 might be related to the development of milder forms of asthma. PMID: 27193312

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Asthma-related traits 7 (ASRT7); Schizophrenia (SCZD)

Secreted, extracellular space. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Endoplasmic reticulum.

Glycosyl hydrolase 18 family

Present in activated macrophages, articular chondrocytes, synovial cells as well as in liver. Very low or undetectable expression in non-inflammatory colon. Undetectable in muscle tissues, lung, pancreas, mononuclear cells, or fibroblasts.

HGNC: 1932

OMIM: 181500

KEGG: hsa:1116

STRING: 9606.ENSP00000255409

UniGene: Hs.382202