Potent proinflammatory cytokine. Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B-cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T-helper 1 (Th1) cells. Plays a role in angiogenesis by inducing VEGF production synergistically with TNF and IL6.

1. Mycobacterium bovis infected animals have a higher frequency of IFN-gamma producing CD4(+) T cells and elevated plasma IL-1beta levels. PMID: 28610788
2. The presence of embryos increased endometrial IL1B protein locally, while no differences regarding IL1R1 protein and IL1B and IL1R1 mRNA were detected. PMID: 25955718
3. For the inflammasome-dependent IL-1beta release, bovine monocytes require ATP in addition to a primary stimulus. This IL-1beta release depends on potassium efflux, but, in contrast to human and murine monocytes, does not require calcium influx or generation of reaction oxygen and is independent of the P2X7 receptor. PMID: 22728096
4. Role of TGF-beta1 and TNF-alpha in IL-1beta mediated activation of proMMP-9 in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells: involvement of an aprotinin sensitive protease. PMID: 21722622
5. Testicular IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta concentrations were highest in the early post-natal period; however, IL-1 bioactivity and IL-6 concentrations were greatest in the immediate pre-pubertal period. PMID: 19144032
6. Data describe the expression of IL-8, IL-1beta and their respective receptors, CXCR1 and IL-1R1 in bovine theca cells, and suggest that VEGF is associated with the IL system in theca cells in ovary. PMID: 20156197
7. Genes for IL-1alpha and IL-1beta are expressed and a functional IL-1R is present in bovine corpora lutea throughout luteal phase. IL-1alpha and IL-1beta may have different roles as regulating PGF(2alpha) and PGE(2) production during luteal phase. PMID: 15253926
8. non-metalloproteinase mechanisms participate in IL-1-induced matrix degradation and loss of tissue material properties PMID: 17174540
9. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation up-regulates the secretion of cytokines by bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes. PMID: 17727806
10. dynamic compression stimulates cell proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis in the presence of IL-1beta and/or inhibitors of the MAPKs and NFkappaB and AP-1 signalling pathways PMID: 18545934
11. These results indicate that activation of the intrinsic antistaphylococcal response in bovine endothelial cells (BEC), enhanced by TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, is effective to eliminate S. aureus and S. epidermidis. PMID: 18625014
12. the low friction of articular cartilage can be modified by TGF-beta1 and IL-1beta treatment and that the friction coefficient depends on multiple factors, including superficial zone protein localization and surface roughness PMID: 18683879
13. These results suggest that IL-1alpha and IL-1beta are produced by the stromal cells, that IL-1beta is produced by the epithelial cells, and that IL-1alpha is a more potent stimulator of prostaglandin and plasminogen activator in bovine endometrial cells. PMID: 18930361
14. Data suggest an important regulatory mechanism of interleukin-1beta production, associated with microglial migration and proliferation, driven by ECM degradation and/or synthesis in an injured brain. PMID: 19250967

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Cytoplasm, cytosol. Lysosome. Secreted, extracellular exosome. Secreted.

IL-1 family

KEGG: bta:281251

STRING: 9913.ENSBTAP00000001745

UniGene: Bt.4856